U.S.: CIVIL RIGHTS ADVOCATES STILL  FIGHTING "RACE WAR"  
By Pam Johnson 
WASHINGTON, Jun. 21, 2011 (IPS/GIN) - Exactly 40 years after former United  States President Richard Nixon labeled his administration’s drug policy a "war"  in 1971, a huge coalition of civil rights leaders, advocates and educators  converged in Washington D.C. to expose an on-going conflict that they believe is  less ‘a war on drugs’ and more an assault on the rights of African Americans in  the 21st century. 
"The War on Drugs has not failed to achieve its purpose," Reverend Jesse  Jackson, founder and president of the Rainbow PUSH Coalition, told a crowded  room at the National Press Club here Friday. "It has certainly failed to stop  the trade and abuse of drugs, but it has succeeded in its original design: to  ensure profit for some, political disenfranchisement of minorities, and the  structural exclusion of a people based on their race."  
A 2010 report by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the U.S.  Department of Justice claims that a drug arrest is made every 19 seconds, making  the U.S. home to 25 percent of the world’s inmates - most of them detained on  non-violent charges of drug possession.  
With one out of every hundred American adults behind bars, the U.S.’s bulging  jails easily exceed even the prison population in China. These jails, experts  say, have become the most racially biased institutions in the country.  
In its 2011 annual report, Human Rights Watch (HRW) documented that, though  African Americans comprise a mere 13 percent of the U.S. population, they  account for a stunningly disproportionate 35 percent of incarcerated drug  offenders in the country.  
While advocates such as former U.S. President Jimmy Carter used the 40th  ‘anniversary’ of the War on Drugs to call attention to four decades of failed  policies, leaders in the black community seized the moment to highlight the  long-forgotten fact that the ‘war’ was declared on race before it was declared  on drugs.  
The New Jim Crow?  
Today, there are more African American men in jails, correctional facilities,  prisons and detention centres in the U.S. than there were slaves in 1850 - a  decade before the civil war began.  
In fact, more black men are behind bars in the U.S. in 2011 than in South  Africa in the 1990s during the height of apartheid.  
According to Michelle Alexander, author of the ‘The New Jim Crow: mass  incarceration in an age of colorblindness’, the War on Drugs has effectively  robbed people of colour in the U.S. of their hard-won civil rights by legalising  discrimination against ‘criminals’ in much the same way that the notorious Jim  Crow laws legalised discrimination against blacks.  
"The War on Drugs has put in place a set of policies and practices that  operate to collectively lock people into a permanent second class status for the  rest of their lives," Alexander told IPS. "African American men in particular  are targeted by the police, stopped, searched, arrested on minor charges of  possession - the very sorts of offenses that go unnoticed on wealthy college  campuses across town - imprisoned and then ushered into a parallel social  universe where they are stripped of their most basic civil and human rights."  
"Suddenly being denied access to public housing, stripped of equal education  and employment opportunities, refused the right serve on a jury - all the old  forms of discrimination - are legal again once you’ve been branded a felon,"  Alexander added. "The drug war has been the primary vehicle of mass  incarceration and this new form of racial and social control - it has been  responsible for the quintupling of our prison population since the 1980s."  
The report by HRW makes clear that although blacks and whites engage in drug  offenses at equal rates, African Americans make up 44 percent of state  convictions of drug felonies and black males are incarcerated at a rate more  than six times that of whites. In fact, in 2009, one in ten young black men  between the ages of 25 and 29 were imprisoned - compared to one in 64 white  males.  
Numbers Belie Rhetoric in On-going Conflict  
"The drug war has arguably been the single most devastating, dysfunctional  policy since slavery," Norm Stamper, retired chief of police for Seattle, told a  press conference in D.C. last week.  
Speaking on behalf of the advocacy group Law Enforcement Against Prohibition  (LEAP) - who handed over their new report ‘Ending the Drug War: a Dream  Deferred’ to Drug Czar Gil Kerlikowske Tuesday - Stamper laid bare the details  of a strategy that President Barack Obama’s administration claims to have  abandoned, but is in fact still deeply rooted in the budgets and practices of  virtually every law enforcement agency in the U.S.  
"I was optimistic when [Kerlikowske] said, early in his tenure, that we  cannot arrest ourselves out of this problem," Stamper said. "But that statement  has been made and repeated on numerous occasions to no practical effect."  
LEAP’s report crunched the numbers of Obama’s 2010 National Drug Control  Strategy budget and found that - compared to the expenditures of Republican  President George W. Bush - the Obama administration approved a 13 percent  increase in the Department of Defence’s anti-drug spending, an 18 percent  increase in drug control funds allocated to the Bureau of Prisons, and a 34  percent decrease in support for Department of Education-sponsored awareness  programmes in fiscal year 2011.  
Even after adjusting for inflation, Nixon’s 100 million dollar annual  drug-war budget has multiplied 50 times since 1971. Despite the government’s  National Drug Assessment’s finding that narcotics are cheaper and more easily  accessible than ever before, the current administration has requested 26.2  billion dollars to continue fighting the war.  
Contrary to claims by government officials, the Drug War is far from over -  leading experts and advocates to call for urgent mobilisation.  
"Nothing short of a major social movement has any hope of ending mass  incarceration in America," Alexander told IPS. "In order to go back to pre-Drug  War incarceration rates we would have to release four out of five prisoners; a  million people employed by the criminal justice system would lose their jobs;  private prison companies would be forced to watch their profits vanish; but it  can be done," she added.  
"Many people argued that Jim Crow was so deeply rooted in our political,  economic and social structure that it would never die and the same is being said  today, but the reality is that when people awaken to the injustice of a system  and discover their own voice it is possible to end it," Alexander told IPS.  "Just like advocates were able to bring Jim Crow to its knees in a remarkably  short period of time, I believe it is possible to end the drug war and this  system of mass incarceration as well.